雪花算法 ID 生成工具类

雪花算法兼具唯一性和有序性，常用于分布式环境，网上关于雪花算法的讲解很多，但大多不够完整，不能直接拿来用。因此这里不再赘述雪花算法的原理，而是对算法的相关代码做了一个整理，便于直接使用。

值得注意的是，此处提供的工具类不能解决由于时钟回拨带来的 ID 重复问题，在应用中需要自行根据实际情况解决；另外，数据中心标识和机器标识也可根据项目实际情况进行替换，实现定制化，不一定非要根据 IP 和 hostName 来生成。话不多说，上源码：

import org.apache.commons.lang3.RandomUtils;
import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils;
import org.apache.commons.lang3.SystemUtils;

import java.net.Inet4Address;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;

/**
 * @ClassName SnowFlake
 * @Description
 **/
public class SnowFlake {

    /**
     * 起始的时间戳
     */
    private final static long START_STMP = 1480166465631L;

    /**
     * 每一部分占用的位数
     */
    private final static long SEQUENCE_BIT = 12; //序列号占用的位数
    private final static long MACHINE_BIT = 5;   //机器标识占用的位数
    private final static long DATACENTER_BIT = 5;//数据中心占用的位数

    /**
     * 每一部分的最大值
     */
    private final static long MAX_DATACENTER_NUM = -1L ^ (-1L << DATACENTER_BIT);
    private final static long MAX_MACHINE_NUM = -1L ^ (-1L << MACHINE_BIT);
    private final static long MAX_SEQUENCE = -1L ^ (-1L << SEQUENCE_BIT);

    /**
     * 每一部分向左的位移
     */
    private final static long MACHINE_LEFT = SEQUENCE_BIT;
    private final static long DATACENTER_LEFT = SEQUENCE_BIT + MACHINE_BIT;
    private final static long TIMESTMP_LEFT = DATACENTER_LEFT + DATACENTER_BIT;

    private long datacenterId;  //数据中心
    private long machineId;     //机器标识
    private long sequence = 0L; //序列号
    private long lastStmp = -1L;//上一次时间戳

    private static SnowFlake idWorker;

    static {
        idWorker = new SnowFlake(getDataCenterId(), getMachineId());
    }

    public SnowFlake(long datacenterId, long machineId) {
        if (datacenterId > MAX_DATACENTER_NUM || datacenterId < 0) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("datacenterId can't be greater than MAX_DATACENTER_NUM or less than 0");
        }
        if (machineId > MAX_MACHINE_NUM || machineId < 0) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("machineId can't be greater than MAX_MACHINE_NUM or less than 0");
        }
        this.datacenterId = datacenterId;
        this.machineId = machineId;
    }

    /**
     * 产生下一个ID
     *
     * @return
     */
    public synchronized long nextId() {
        long currStmp = getNewstmp();
        if (currStmp < lastStmp) {
            throw new RuntimeException("Clock moved backwards.  Refusing to generate id");
        }

        if (currStmp == lastStmp) {
            //相同毫秒内，序列号自增
            sequence = (sequence + 1) & MAX_SEQUENCE;
            //同一毫秒的序列数已经达到最大
            if (sequence == 0L) {
                currStmp = getNextMill();
            }
        } else {
            //不同毫秒内，序列号置为0
            sequence = 0L;
        }

        lastStmp = currStmp;

        return (currStmp - START_STMP) << TIMESTMP_LEFT //时间戳部分
                | datacenterId << DATACENTER_LEFT       //数据中心部分
                | machineId << MACHINE_LEFT             //机器标识部分
                | sequence;                             //序列号部分
    }

    private long getNextMill() {
        long mill = getNewstmp();
        while (mill <= lastStmp) {
            mill = getNewstmp();
        }
        return mill;
    }

    private long getNewstmp() {
        return System.currentTimeMillis();
    }

    /**
     * @Description 根据 IP 生成数据中心标识
     **/
    private static Long getDataCenterId() {
        try {
            String hostAddress = Inet4Address.getLocalHost().getHostAddress();
            int[] ints = StringUtils.toCodePoints(hostAddress);
            int sums = 0;
            for(int b : ints){
                sums += b;
            }
            return (long)(sums % 32);
        } catch (UnknownHostException e) {
            // 如果获取失败，则使用随机数备用
            return RandomUtils.nextLong(0,31);
        }
    }

    /**
     * @Description 根据 hostName 生成机器标识
     **/
    private static Long getMachineId() {
        int[] ints = StringUtils.toCodePoints(SystemUtils.getHostName());
        int sums = 0;
        for (int i: ints) {
            sums += i;
        }
        return (long)(sums % 32);
    }

    /**
     * 静态工具类
     *
     * @return
     */
    public static Long generateId(){
        long id = idWorker.nextId();
        return id;
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        System.out.println("主机名：" + SystemUtils.getHostName());
        System.out.println(SnowFlake.getMachineId());
        System.out.println(SnowFlake.getDataCenterId());
        System.out.println("生成 ID：" + SnowFlake.generateId());
    }
}

（完）